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John 6:31–51

The true bread from heaven

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John 6:31–51

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6:31Our fathers ate manna in the desert, just as it has been written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’

6:32Therefore, Jesus said to them: “Amen, amen, I say to you, Moses did not give you bread from heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread from heaven

6:33For the bread of God is he who descends from heaven and gives life to the world.

6:34And so they said to him, “Lord, give us this bread always.

6:35Then Jesus said to them: “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst

6:36But I say to you, that even though you have seen me, you do not believe

6:37All that the Father gives to me shall come to me. And whoever comes to me, I will not cast out

6:38For I descended from heaven, not to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me

6:39Yet this is the will of the Father who sent me: that I should lose nothing out of all that he has given to me, but that I should raise them up on the last day

6:40So then, this is the will of my Father who sent me: that everyone who sees the Son and believes in him may have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.

6:41Therefore, the Jews murmured about him, because he had said: “I am the living bread, who descended from heaven.

6:42And they said: “Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? Then how can he say: ‘For I descended from heaven?’

6:43And so Jesus responded and said to them: “Do not choose to murmur among yourselves

6:44No one is able to come to me, unless the Father, who has sent me, has drawn him. And I will raise him up on the last day

6:45It has been written in the Prophets: ‘And they shall all be taught by God.’ Everyone who has listened and learned from the Father comes to me

6:46Not that anyone has seen the Father, except he who is from God; this one has seen the Father

6:47Amen, amen, I say to you, whoever believes in me has eternal life

6:48I am the bread of life

6:49Your fathers ate manna in the desert, and they died

6:50This is the bread which descends from heaven, so that if anyone will eat from it, he may not die

6:51I am the living bread, who descended from heaven

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Connections

3 typed links touch this passage.

typologynt explicit

Exodus 16:4–15 — Bread from heaven

Manna kept Israel alive and still they died. Jesus claims to be the bread that comes down from heaven so that one may eat and not die. The wilderness gift is the type; the Eucharist is the greater gift.

source checked429 yearsA food story from Israel's beginnings is still being argued about in a Galilee synagogue fifteen centuries later, depending on the Exodus date you grant.
Sources & review
typologycommentary

Wisdom 16:20–21 — Bread ready without labor

Wisdom describes manna as bread prepared from heaven and suited to every taste. John 6 identifies Jesus as the true bread from heaven; the traditional reading treats the manna as a type of the Eucharistic gift.

source checked29 yearsShows an inner-biblical habit: later Jewish writing already treats Exodus as type.
Sources & review
allusioncommentary

Sirach 24:19–22 — Come to me, eat of my fruit

Sirach's personified Wisdom invites the hungry to eat and the thirsty to drink. John 6 likewise uses food and drink imagery, but this is a thematic comparison rather than a New Testament quotation or demonstrated literary dependence.

source checked159 yearsTwo centuries before Capernaum, a Jerusalem sage already has Wisdom offering herself as food.
Sources & review
  • scriptureSir 24:19-22
  • scriptureJohn 6:35, 51