Guided reading · 8 passages
What the 73rd page adds
Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, Tobit, and 2 Maccabees carry links most Protestant maps never draw. That is a reason to use the Catholic set.
Tobit 4:15
Do to no one what you hate
CPDV · Tobit 4:15 · verified
4:15And whoever has done any kind of work for you, immediately pay him his wages, and do not let the wages of your hired hand remain with you at all
Wisdom 2:12–20
The just man condemned
CPDV · Wisdom 2:12–20 · verified
2:12Therefore, let us encircle the just, because he is useless to us, and he is against our works, and he reproaches us with our legal offenses, and makes known to us the sins of our way of life
2:13He promises that he has the knowledge of God and he calls himself the son of God
2:14He was made among us to expose our very thoughts
2:15He is grievous for us even to behold, for his life is unlike other men’s lives, and immutable are his ways
Wisdom 3:1–9
The souls of the just are in the hand of God
CPDV · Wisdom 3:1–9 · verified
3:1But the souls of the just are in the hand of God and no torment of death will touch them
3:2In the eyes of the foolish, they seemed to die, and their departure was considered an affliction
3:3and their going away from us, a banishment. Yet they are in peace
3:4And though, in the sight of men, they suffered torments, their hope is full of immortality
Wisdom 16:20–21
Bread ready without labor
CPDV · Wisdom 16:20–21 · verified
16:20Instead of these things, you nourished your people with the food of angels, and, having prepared bread from heaven, you served them without labor that which holds within itself every delight and the sweetness of every flavor
16:21For your nature showed your sweetness, which you hold within your sons, and serving the will of each one, it was converted to what each one preferred
Sirach 24:19–22
Come to me, eat of my fruit
CPDV · Sirach 24:19–22 · verified
24:19I was exalted like a beautiful olive tree in the plains, and like a sycamore tree beside the waters along a wide road
24:20I gave off an aromatic fragrance like cinnamon or balsam. I produced a sweet odor like the best myrrh
24:21And I perfumed my dwelling place with sweet gum, and aromatic resin, and flower petals, and aloe, as well as the finest cedar from Lebanon. And my fragrance is like undiluted balsam
24:22I have extended my branches like a terebinth tree, and my branches are of honor and grace
Baruch 3:35–38
Wisdom appeared on earth
CPDV · Baruch 3:35–38 · verified
3:35They were called, and so they said, “Here we are,” and they shined with cheerfulness to him who made them
3:36This is our God, and no other can compare to him
3:37He invented the way of all instruction, and delivered it to Jacob his child, and to Israel his beloved
3:38After this, he was seen on earth, and he conversed with men
2 Maccabees 7:1–29
The seven brothers
CPDV · 2 Maccabees 7:1–29 · verified
7:1And it happened also that seven brothers, united with their mother, were apprehended and compelled by the king to eat the flesh of swine against divine law, being tormented with scourges and whips
7:2But one of them, who was first, spoke in this way: “What would you ask, or what would you want to learn from us? We are ready to die, rather than to betray the laws that our fathers received from God.
7:3And so the king, being angry, ordered frying pans and bronze caldrons to be heated. When these were presently heated
7:4he ordered the tongue of him who had spoken first to be cut off, and, once the skin of his head had been pulled off, likewise his hands and feet to be cut off at the top, while the rest of his brothers and his mother were watching
2 Maccabees 12:43–46
Sacrifice for the dead
CPDV · 2 Maccabees 12:43–46 · verified
12:43And, calling an assembly, he sent twelve thousand drachmas of silver to Jerusalem, to be offered for a sacrifice for the sins of the dead, thinking well and religiously about the resurrection
12:44(for if he had not hoped that those who had fallen would be resurrected, it would have seemed superfluous and vain to pray for the dead,
12:45and because he considered that those who had fallen asleep with piety had great grace stored up for them
12:46Therefore, it is a holy and beneficial thought to pray on behalf of those who have passed away, so that they may be released from sins
Sources and interpretation
Evidence for this thread
Every supporting connection, including links between nonadjacent readings.
Wisdom 2:12–20 → Matthew 27:35–46
Wisdom portrays opponents testing a righteous man who calls God his Father; Matthew 27:43 echoes the same taunt at the cross. Catholic commentary and patristic writers have long read the passage in relation to Christ's Passion.
Sources & review
- Interpretation
- typology
- Principal basis
- Commentary
- Review status
- source checked
- scripture
Wis 2:12-20
- scripture
Matt 27:39-43
- commentary
George Leo Haydock, Haydock Catholic Bible Commentary
Haydock Catholic Bible Commentary, notes on Wisdom 2:12 and 2:20
Online commentary
Traditional Catholic interpretation of the righteous man in Wisdom 2 in relation to Christ's Passion.
- commentary
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, New American Bible, Revised Edition
USCCB Bible, note on Matthew 27:43
USCCB online Bible and notes
Interpretive support for the Passion reading. The USCCB describes the Wisdom allusion in Matthew as probable.
- commentary
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, New American Bible, Revised Edition
USCCB Bible, note on Wisdom 2:12-20
USCCB online Bible and notes
Interpretive support for the Passion reading. The USCCB describes the Wisdom allusion in Matthew as probable.
- church father
Cyprian of Carthage, Testimonies
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 5 (New Advent)
Direct evidence of a Christian reading of Wisdom 2 in relation to the Passion; it does not establish Matthew's literary dependence.
- church father
Augustine of Hippo, City of God
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 2 (New Advent)
Direct evidence of a Christian reading of Wisdom 2 in relation to the Passion; it does not establish Matthew's literary dependence.
Wisdom 3:1–9 → John 11:25–26
Wisdom says the souls of the just are in God's hand and that their departure looks like disaster only to the foolish. Jesus stands at a tomb and says the dead who believe will live. The Roman Lectionary appoints Wisdom 3 among Masses for the Dead.
Sources & review
- Interpretation
- allusion
- Principal basis
- Liturgy
- Review status
- source checked
- scripture
Wis 3:1-9
- scripture
John 11:25-26
- liturgy
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Lectionary for Mass
Lectionary for Mass, no. 1011, Masses for the Dead: Wisdom 3:1-9
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
Direct evidence that Wisdom 3 is appointed among readings for Masses for the Dead; this does not make the Wisdom-to-John connection an explicit quotation.
- church father
John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 10 (New Advent)
Chrysostom quotes Wisdom 3:1 when discussing the souls of the righteous. This supports the reception of Wisdom, not a claim that John 11 quotes it.
Wisdom 16:20–21 → John 6:31–51
Wisdom describes manna as bread prepared from heaven and suited to every taste. John 6 identifies Jesus as the true bread from heaven; the traditional reading treats the manna as a type of the Eucharistic gift.
Sources & review
- Interpretation
- typology
- Principal basis
- Commentary
- Review status
- source checked
- scripture
Wis 16:20-21
- scripture
Exod 16
- scripture
John 6
- catechism
Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church
Vatican English edition
Interpretive support for manna, the bread of life, and the Eucharist; it does not claim John quotes Wisdom 16.
- church father
Augustine of Hippo, Tractates on the Gospel of John
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 7 (New Advent)
Augustine supports manna-to-Christ typology. He does not establish that John 6 depends directly on Wisdom 16.
Sirach 24:19–22 → John 6:31–51
Sirach's personified Wisdom invites the hungry to eat and the thirsty to drink. John 6 likewise uses food and drink imagery, but this is a thematic comparison rather than a New Testament quotation or demonstrated literary dependence.
Sources & review
- Interpretation
- allusion
- Principal basis
- Commentary
- Review status
- source checked
- scripture
Sir 24:19-22
- scripture
John 6:35, 51
Baruch 3:35–38 → John 1:1–14
Baruch says that divine Wisdom appeared on earth and lived among human beings. John says that the divine Word became flesh and dwelt among us; Augustine explicitly read the Baruch passage christologically.
Sources & review
- Interpretation
- allusion
- Principal basis
- Church Fathers
- Review status
- source checked
- scripture
Bar 3:35-38
- scripture
John 1:1-14
- church father
Augustine of Hippo, City of God
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 2 (New Advent)
Augustine quotes the passage now identified as Baruch and reads it christologically, while discussing its attribution to Jeremiah.
2 Maccabees 7:1–29 → Hebrews 11:35
Second Maccabees 7 narrates martyrs who accept torture and death in hope of resurrection. Hebrews 11:35 recalls people who refused release under torture so that they might obtain a better resurrection; the wording strongly evokes the Maccabean martyrs without naming them.
Sources & review
- Interpretation
- allusion
- Principal basis
- New Testament allusion
- Review status
- source checked
- scripture
2 Macc 7
- scripture
Heb 11:35
- catechism
Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church
Vatican English edition
Explicit use of the Maccabean martyrs as witnesses to resurrection hope; it does not establish Hebrews' literary dependence.
- church father
Cyprian of Carthage, Exhortation to Martyrdom
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 5 (New Advent)
Cyprian uses the seven Maccabean brothers as examples of martyrdom. This supports Christian reception, not a direct identification of Hebrews' unnamed martyrs.
2 Maccabees 12:43–46 → 2 Timothy 1:16–18
Second Maccabees praises an expiatory offering for the dead. In 2 Timothy, Paul asks the Lord to grant mercy to Onesiphorus on the last day; the inference that Onesiphorus had died is plausible but not explicit. The Church's doctrine of prayer for the dead rests on broader Scripture and tradition, not on this inference alone.
Sources & review
- Interpretation
- doctrine
- Principal basis
- Traditional reading
- Review status
- source checked
- scripture
2 Macc 12:43-46
- scripture
2 Tim 1:16-18
- catechism
Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church
Vatican English edition
Doctrinal support for prayer for the dead, grounded in 2 Maccabees.
- catechism
Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church
Vatican English edition
Explicit doctrinal use of 2 Maccabees 12:46. It does not decide whether Onesiphorus was dead.
- commentary
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, New American Bible, Revised Edition
USCCB Bible, note on 2 Timothy 1:16-18
USCCB online Bible and notes
- church father
Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lectures
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, vol. 7 (New Advent)
These sections describe Eucharistic prayer for the departed; they do not identify the state of Onesiphorus.
Editorial questions
Accepted with qualification · interpretive dispute
Onesiphorus's death is inferred from the references to his household and Paul's prayer, not explicitly stated.
Editorial response: The reader-facing note labels the inference and does not present 2 Timothy 1:16-18 as a conclusive proof text.
Tobit 4:15 → Matthew 7:12
Tobit gives the negative form of the Golden Rule: do not do to another what you dislike. Jesus gives the positive form and identifies it with the Law and the Prophets. The texts are closely related ethically; Matthew does not identify Tobit as a quoted source.
Sources & review
- Interpretation
- allusion
- Principal basis
- New Testament allusion
- Review status
- source checked
- scripture
Tob 4:15
- scripture
Matt 7:12
- catechism
- church father
Augustine of Hippo, On the Sermon on the Mount
Book II, chapter 22, sections 74-75
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 6 (New Advent)
Augustine explains Matthew's positive Golden Rule. These sections do not establish dependence on Tobit.