← Reading threads

Guided reading · 8 passages

What the 73rd page adds

Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, Tobit, and 2 Maccabees carry links most Protestant maps never draw. That is a reason to use the Catholic set.

01

Tobit 4:15

Do to no one what you hate

Open passage

CPDV · Tobit 4:15 · verified

4:15And whoever has done any kind of work for you, immediately pay him his wages, and do not let the wages of your hired hand remain with you at all

02

Wisdom 2:12–20

The just man condemned

Open passage

CPDV · Wisdom 2:12–20 · verified

2:12Therefore, let us encircle the just, because he is useless to us, and he is against our works, and he reproaches us with our legal offenses, and makes known to us the sins of our way of life

2:13He promises that he has the knowledge of God and he calls himself the son of God

2:14He was made among us to expose our very thoughts

2:15He is grievous for us even to behold, for his life is unlike other men’s lives, and immutable are his ways

Excerpt · 5 more verses on passage page
03

Wisdom 3:1–9

The souls of the just are in the hand of God

Open passage

CPDV · Wisdom 3:1–9 · verified

3:1But the souls of the just are in the hand of God and no torment of death will touch them

3:2In the eyes of the foolish, they seemed to die, and their departure was considered an affliction

3:3and their going away from us, a banishment. Yet they are in peace

3:4And though, in the sight of men, they suffered torments, their hope is full of immortality

Excerpt · 5 more verses on passage page
04

Wisdom 16:20–21

Bread ready without labor

Open passage

CPDV · Wisdom 16:20–21 · verified

16:20Instead of these things, you nourished your people with the food of angels, and, having prepared bread from heaven, you served them without labor that which holds within itself every delight and the sweetness of every flavor

16:21For your nature showed your sweetness, which you hold within your sons, and serving the will of each one, it was converted to what each one preferred

05

Sirach 24:19–22

Come to me, eat of my fruit

Open passage

CPDV · Sirach 24:19–22 · verified

24:19I was exalted like a beautiful olive tree in the plains, and like a sycamore tree beside the waters along a wide road

24:20I gave off an aromatic fragrance like cinnamon or balsam. I produced a sweet odor like the best myrrh

24:21And I perfumed my dwelling place with sweet gum, and aromatic resin, and flower petals, and aloe, as well as the finest cedar from Lebanon. And my fragrance is like undiluted balsam

24:22I have extended my branches like a terebinth tree, and my branches are of honor and grace

06

Baruch 3:35–38

Wisdom appeared on earth

Open passage

CPDV · Baruch 3:35–38 · verified

3:35They were called, and so they said, “Here we are,” and they shined with cheerfulness to him who made them

3:36This is our God, and no other can compare to him

3:37He invented the way of all instruction, and delivered it to Jacob his child, and to Israel his beloved

3:38After this, he was seen on earth, and he conversed with men

07

2 Maccabees 7:1–29

The seven brothers

Open passage

CPDV · 2 Maccabees 7:1–29 · verified

7:1And it happened also that seven brothers, united with their mother, were apprehended and compelled by the king to eat the flesh of swine against divine law, being tormented with scourges and whips

7:2But one of them, who was first, spoke in this way: “What would you ask, or what would you want to learn from us? We are ready to die, rather than to betray the laws that our fathers received from God.

7:3And so the king, being angry, ordered frying pans and bronze caldrons to be heated. When these were presently heated

7:4he ordered the tongue of him who had spoken first to be cut off, and, once the skin of his head had been pulled off, likewise his hands and feet to be cut off at the top, while the rest of his brothers and his mother were watching

Excerpt · 25 more verses on passage page
08

2 Maccabees 12:43–46

Sacrifice for the dead

Open passage

CPDV · 2 Maccabees 12:43–46 · verified

12:43And, calling an assembly, he sent twelve thousand drachmas of silver to Jerusalem, to be offered for a sacrifice for the sins of the dead, thinking well and religiously about the resurrection

12:44(for if he had not hoped that those who had fallen would be resurrected, it would have seemed superfluous and vain to pray for the dead,

12:45and because he considered that those who had fallen asleep with piety had great grace stored up for them

12:46Therefore, it is a holy and beneficial thought to pray on behalf of those who have passed away, so that they may be released from sins

Sources and interpretation

Evidence for this thread

Every supporting connection, including links between nonadjacent readings.

typologyL25

Wisdom 2:12–20 → Matthew 27:35–46

Wisdom portrays opponents testing a righteous man who calls God his Father; Matthew 27:43 echoes the same taunt at the cross. Catholic commentary and patristic writers have long read the passage in relation to Christ's Passion.

source checked32 yearsThis is not a deep antiquity gap, and that is useful. A Jewish text from about a generation before Jesus already describes the mockery of the cross.
Sources & review
Interpretation
typology
Principal basis
Commentary
Review status
source checked
  • scripture

    Wis 2:12-20

  • scripture

    Matt 27:39-43

  • commentary

    George Leo Haydock, Haydock Catholic Bible Commentary

    Haydock Catholic Bible Commentary, notes on Wisdom 2:12 and 2:20

    Online commentary

    Traditional Catholic interpretation of the righteous man in Wisdom 2 in relation to Christ's Passion.

  • commentary

    United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, New American Bible, Revised Edition

    USCCB Bible, note on Matthew 27:43

    USCCB online Bible and notes

    Interpretive support for the Passion reading. The USCCB describes the Wisdom allusion in Matthew as probable.

  • commentary

    United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, New American Bible, Revised Edition

    USCCB Bible, note on Wisdom 2:12-20

    USCCB online Bible and notes

    Interpretive support for the Passion reading. The USCCB describes the Wisdom allusion in Matthew as probable.

  • church father

    Cyprian of Carthage, Testimonies

    Book II, section 14

    Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 5 (New Advent)

    Direct evidence of a Christian reading of Wisdom 2 in relation to the Passion; it does not establish Matthew's literary dependence.

  • church father

    Augustine of Hippo, City of God

    Book XVII, chapter 20

    Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 2 (New Advent)

    Direct evidence of a Christian reading of Wisdom 2 in relation to the Passion; it does not establish Matthew's literary dependence.

allusionL26

Wisdom 3:1–9 → John 11:25–26

Wisdom says the souls of the just are in God's hand and that their departure looks like disaster only to the foolish. Jesus stands at a tomb and says the dead who believe will live. The Roman Lectionary appoints Wisdom 3 among Masses for the Dead.

source checked31 yearsA late wisdom book, still pre-Gospel, already refuses to let death have the last sentence.
Sources & review
Interpretation
allusion
Principal basis
Liturgy
Review status
source checked
  • scripture

    Wis 3:1-9

  • scripture

    John 11:25-26

  • liturgy

    United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Lectionary for Mass

    Lectionary for Mass, no. 1011, Masses for the Dead: Wisdom 3:1-9

    United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

    Direct evidence that Wisdom 3 is appointed among readings for Masses for the Dead; this does not make the Wisdom-to-John connection an explicit quotation.

  • church father

    John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew

    Homily 28, section 3

    Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 10 (New Advent)

    Chrysostom quotes Wisdom 3:1 when discussing the souls of the righteous. This supports the reception of Wisdom, not a claim that John 11 quotes it.

typologyL27

Wisdom 16:20–21 → John 6:31–51

Wisdom describes manna as bread prepared from heaven and suited to every taste. John 6 identifies Jesus as the true bread from heaven; the traditional reading treats the manna as a type of the Eucharistic gift.

source checked29 yearsShows an inner-biblical habit: later Jewish writing already treats Exodus as type.
Sources & review
Interpretation
typology
Principal basis
Commentary
Review status
source checked
  • scripture

    Wis 16:20-21

  • scripture

    Exod 16

  • scripture

    John 6

  • catechism

    Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church

    CCC 1333-1335

    Vatican English edition

    Interpretive support for manna, the bread of life, and the Eucharist; it does not claim John quotes Wisdom 16.

  • church father

    Augustine of Hippo, Tractates on the Gospel of John

    Tractate 26, sections 11-13

    Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 7 (New Advent)

    Augustine supports manna-to-Christ typology. He does not establish that John 6 depends directly on Wisdom 16.

allusionL28

Sirach 24:19–22 → John 6:31–51

Sirach's personified Wisdom invites the hungry to eat and the thirsty to drink. John 6 likewise uses food and drink imagery, but this is a thematic comparison rather than a New Testament quotation or demonstrated literary dependence.

source checked159 yearsTwo centuries before Capernaum, a Jerusalem sage already has Wisdom offering herself as food.
Sources & review
Interpretation
allusion
Principal basis
Commentary
Review status
source checked
  • scripture

    Sir 24:19-22

  • scripture

    John 6:35, 51

allusionL29

Baruch 3:35–38 → John 1:1–14

Baruch says that divine Wisdom appeared on earth and lived among human beings. John says that the divine Word became flesh and dwelt among us; Augustine explicitly read the Baruch passage christologically.

source checked45 yearsA deuterocanonical hymn already speaks of Wisdom arriving in human company.
Sources & review
Interpretation
allusion
Principal basis
Church Fathers
Review status
source checked
  • scripture

    Bar 3:35-38

  • scripture

    John 1:1-14

  • church father

    Augustine of Hippo, City of God

    Book XVIII, chapter 33

    Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 2 (New Advent)

    Augustine quotes the passage now identified as Baruch and reads it christologically, while discussing its attribution to Jeremiah.

allusionL30

2 Maccabees 7:1–29 → Hebrews 11:35

Second Maccabees 7 narrates martyrs who accept torture and death in hope of resurrection. Hebrews 11:35 recalls people who refused release under torture so that they might obtain a better resurrection; the wording strongly evokes the Maccabean martyrs without naming them.

source checked114 yearsA persecution under Antiochus IV becomes, a century and a half later, the Church's example of resurrection faith.
Sources & review
Interpretation
allusion
Principal basis
New Testament allusion
Review status
source checked
  • scripture

    2 Macc 7

  • scripture

    Heb 11:35

  • catechism

    Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church

    CCC 992

    Vatican English edition

    Explicit use of the Maccabean martyrs as witnesses to resurrection hope; it does not establish Hebrews' literary dependence.

  • church father

    Cyprian of Carthage, Exhortation to Martyrdom

    Section 11

    Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 5 (New Advent)

    Cyprian uses the seven Maccabean brothers as examples of martyrdom. This supports Christian reception, not a direct identification of Hebrews' unnamed martyrs.

doctrineL31

2 Maccabees 12:43–46 → 2 Timothy 1:16–18

Second Maccabees praises an expiatory offering for the dead. In 2 Timothy, Paul asks the Lord to grant mercy to Onesiphorus on the last day; the inference that Onesiphorus had died is plausible but not explicit. The Church's doctrine of prayer for the dead rests on broader Scripture and tradition, not on this inference alone.

source checked116 yearsA practice already argued for in a 2nd-century BC Jewish book is still live in the apostolic generation.
Sources & review
Interpretation
doctrine
Principal basis
Traditional reading
Review status
source checked
  • scripture

    2 Macc 12:43-46

  • scripture

    2 Tim 1:16-18

  • catechism

    Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church

    CCC 958

    Vatican English edition

    Doctrinal support for prayer for the dead, grounded in 2 Maccabees.

  • catechism

    Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church

    CCC 1032

    Vatican English edition

    Explicit doctrinal use of 2 Maccabees 12:46. It does not decide whether Onesiphorus was dead.

  • commentary

    United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, New American Bible, Revised Edition

    USCCB Bible, note on 2 Timothy 1:16-18

    USCCB online Bible and notes

  • church father

    Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lectures

    Lecture 23, sections 9-10

    Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, vol. 7 (New Advent)

    These sections describe Eucharistic prayer for the departed; they do not identify the state of Onesiphorus.

Editorial questions

  • Accepted with qualification · interpretive dispute

    Onesiphorus's death is inferred from the references to his household and Paul's prayer, not explicitly stated.

    Editorial response: The reader-facing note labels the inference and does not present 2 Timothy 1:16-18 as a conclusive proof text.

allusionL32

Tobit 4:15 → Matthew 7:12

Tobit gives the negative form of the Golden Rule: do not do to another what you dislike. Jesus gives the positive form and identifies it with the Law and the Prophets. The texts are closely related ethically; Matthew does not identify Tobit as a quoted source.

source checked178 yearsA diaspora tale from well before the first century already carries the Rule later preached on the mount.
Sources & review
Interpretation
allusion
Principal basis
New Testament allusion
Review status
source checked
  • scripture

    Tob 4:15

  • scripture

    Matt 7:12

  • catechism

    Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church

    CCC 1970

    Vatican English edition

  • church father

    Augustine of Hippo, On the Sermon on the Mount

    Book II, chapter 22, sections 74-75

    Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series I, vol. 6 (New Advent)

    Augustine explains Matthew's positive Golden Rule. These sections do not establish dependence on Tobit.